Posttraumatic stress disorder (PSD) can be defined as a mental disorder that may develop after the occurrence of a traumatic event such as serious injury, death threat or sexual assault (Chung et al, 2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by three main symptoms that include re experiencing of the traumatic events, avoidance of the memories of the traumatic events and hyperarousal (Hari et al, 2010). These symptoms normally last for a period of more than one month and can cause significant problems to the affected individuals. The symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder may also persist for a long period especially in cases where they are unrecognized and untreated. This is despite of the fact that posttraumatic stress disorder is having an effective treatment. Although most of the pottraumatic stress disorder are caused by manmade traumatic events such as accidents, hurricanes, and sexual assaults among others, recent studies shows that some of the medical condition can also cause the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (Von Känel et al, 2009). One of the medical condition which has been reported as responsible for posttraumatic stress disorder is the myocardial infarction (MI) (Edmondson et al 2011). Studies show that posttraumatic stress disorder related to the myocardial infarction has a prevalence rate that ranges between 0 to 25 % (Zohar et al, 2011). However the studies of the prevalence of posttraumatic disorder related to myocardial infarction has not been conducted in primary care populations (Abbas et al, 2009). The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of the posttraumatic stress disorder in patients who have an acute myocardial infarction and also to determine the symptoms of the Posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with myocardial infarction. The study also came up with some secondary objectives that include investigation of the risk factors and quality of life for patients who have myocardial infarction. Resources for the Study The study will be conducted in primary care setting and will involve a sample of patients hospitalized for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The participants will be interviewed to gather the relevant information required for the study. To make the study reliable and accurate, secondary sources of data will be used to help in the analysis of the result of the study. Some of the literary resources that will be used in the study are indicated below. 1. Von Känel, R., Begré, S., Abbas, C. C., Saner, H., Gander, M. L., & Schmid, J. P. (2009). Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by myocardial infarction and the role of depressive symptoms. Neuroimmunomodulation, 17(1), 39-46. 2. Edmondson, D., Richardson, S., Falzon, L., Davidson, K. W., Mills, M. A., & Neria, Y. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence and risk of recurrence in acute coronary syndrome patients: A meta-analytic review. PLoS One, 7(6), e38915. 3. Ahmadi, N., Hajsadeghi, F., Mirshkarlo, H. B., Budoff, M., Yehuda, R., & Ebrahimi, R. (2011). Post-traumatic stress disorder, coronary atherosclerosis, and mortality. The American journal of cardiology, 108(1), 29-33. 4. Zohar, J., Juven-Wetzler, A., Sonnino, R., Cwikel-Hamzany, S., Balaban, E., & Cohen, H. (2011). New insights into secondary prevention in post-traumatic stress disorder. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 13(3), 301. 5. Hari, R., Begré, S., Schmid, J. P., Saner, H., Gander, M. L., & von Känel, R. (2010). Change over time in posttraumatic stress caused by myocardial infarction and predicting variables. Journal of psychosomatic research, 69(2), 143-150. 6. Abbas, C. C., Schmid, J. P., Guler, E., Wiedemar, L., Begré, S., Saner, H., … & Von Känel, R. (2009). Trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder caused by myocardial infarction: a two-year follow-up study. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 39(4), 359-376. 7. Chung, M. C., Dennis, I., Berger, Z., Jones, R., & Rudd, H. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction: personality, coping, and trauma exposure characteristics. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 42(4), 393-419. References Abbas, C. C., Schmid, J. P., Guler, E., Wiedemar, L., Begré, S., Saner, H., … & Von Känel, R. (2009). Trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder caused by myocardial infarction: a two-year follow-up study. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 39(4), 359-376. Ahmadi, N., Hajsadeghi, F., Mirshkarlo, H. B., Budoff, M., Yehuda, R., & Ebrahimi, R. (2011). Post-traumatic stress disorder, coronary atherosclerosis, and mortality, The American journal of cardiology, 108(1), 29-33 Chung, M. C., Dennis, I., Berger, Z., Jones, R., & Rudd, H. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction: personality, coping, and trauma exposure characteristics. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 42(4), 393-419. Edmondson, D., Richardson, S., Falzon, L., Davidson, K. W., Mills, M. A., & Neria, Y. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence and risk of recurrence in acute coronary syndrome patients: A meta-analytic review. PLoS One, 7(6), e38915. Hari, R., Begré, S., Schmid, J. P., Saner, H., Gander, M. L., & von Känel, R. (2010). Change over time in posttraumatic stress caused by myocardial infarction and predicting variables. Journal of psychosomatic research, 69(2), 143-150. Von Känel, R., Begré, S., Abbas, C. C., Saner, H., Gander, M. L., & Schmid, J. P. (2009). Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by myocardial infarction and the role of depressive symptoms, Neuroimmunomodulation, 17(1), 39-46 Zohar, J., Juven-Wetzler, A., Sonnino, R., Cwikel-Hamzany, S., Balaban, E., & Cohen, H. (2011). New insights into secondary prevention in post-traumatic stress disorder, Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 13(3), 301.
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