A Template for the Journal Article Summary
Here is a suggested format for your assignment:
Paragraph One: Tell the reader what the focus of the research is, why it is interesting and state the hypotheses or research questions.
Paragraph Two: Identify the subjects and the procedures used in the study.
Paragraph Three (and possibly Paragraph Four): Present the variables and how each was measured. Be specific. Identify the name of the measurement and a brief description of each.
Paragraph Five: Discuss the results of the study. Did the data support the stated hypotheses? Use the results and discussion section for this.
Paragraph Six through Eight: Critique the study. Specify what was done well and what could have been improved. You can also include why this article interested you and how it related to you. Some other questions to answer: was the research valuable?; was the study practical/helpful? To whom?; was the study done ethically?; should more research be done in this area?; who does the results of this study apply to?; what would you recommend the next step to be in this line of research?
o What is the purpose of the study? What questions were asked?
o How did the study address these questions?
o What assumptions did the author make?
o What were the major findings?
o What surprised you or struck you as interesting?
o What questions are still unanswered?
Zwitterionic hydrogels implanted in mice resist the foreign-body reaction
To facilitate drug delivery it is been common to implant materials or devices into the body, but the immune system of the body receives them as foreign. Subsequently, the immune system in response, encapsulates these substances with a thick collagenous capsule, which may cause pain, discomfort or tissue distortion. It is just a natural foreign body reaction to protect mechanism. Macrophage is a very important type of white blood cells of the immune system, it attempts to digest any foreign substance or objects enter the body and form a forging body reaction. Usually most of the implantable objects are too large that Macrophages are not able to digest them and in response it would not be able to generate foreign-body giant cells. Implants made of several martial cause foreign reactions. To prevent capsules formation scientists hypothesized applying zwitterionic materials, such as low non-fouling, or low fouling materials. They compared and tested which material would add more effective and beneficial.
One of the materials has been chosen to examine which zwitterionic hydrogels resist formation of foreign-body reaction in mice. To examine the function of PCBMA poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) hydrogels, they implanted PCBMA in mice and evaluated the response of infection in 2 terms, short and long time performance. Supporting this examination with data and figures of the findings to prove the effect of the implantable hydrogel. They tested the results after one week of implantation before and after the capsule form. The short-term performance is after 1week of implantation and 3 weeks after where the collagen capsule is already formed. While long term performance is after a 3 month of implantation. As a result all tested samples showed the same conclusion except a difference in the surroundings. Also, they measured the percentage of density in the collage capsuled at both time points. They compared the effects of stiffness of capsules and explained the findings. It is important to mention that they also counted the blood cells. Red blood vessels in tissues were strongly noticeable in some sections, which allowed them to count them. As a result they found that PCBMA hydrogel has the ability to simplify mass transport between the body and implanted devices.
During examination the explanation of the higher in vivo performance of PCBMA hydrogels has been explored. Macrophages have activation spectrums ranges divided into different activation, more pro-inflammatory, more anti-inflammatory and pro-healing. They hypothesized that different foreign-body reaction promoted by different material of hydrogels may induce different macrophage activation.
Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.
[order_calculator]