Directions: Choose 5 of the 10 questions below and answer them in short answer (1-2 paragraphs). Be sure that you proofread your responses and that you use complete sentences and correct capitalization and punctuation.
1) The Theorists
Based on material covered in class and by the text/lecture notes, briefly compare and contrast any TWO of the THREE theories presented below
SIGMUND FREUD (Psychosexual Development)
Oral Stage (0 to 1.5)
Id (0-2)
Anal State (1.5 to 3)
Ego (2 to 5)
Phalic Stage (3 to 6)
Latency (6-12)
Superego (5 and up)
Genital Stage (12 and up)
JEAN PIAGET (Cognitive Development)
Cognitive Stage of Development Key Feature
(0-2) Sensorimotor Stage Object Permanence
(2-7) Preoperational Stage Egocentrism
(7-11) Concrete Operational stage Conservation
(11 and up) Formal Operational Manipulate Ideas in Head
i.e. Abstract Thinking
LEV VYGOTSKY
2) Child Observation
Based on the observation below, “Tyler,” describe what the writer is observing. Recommend at least one form of record-keeping and explain why this form would be the best method of documenting the observation.
Tyler
Tyler has just finished a snack eaten at the table. She seems in a happy mood and ready to play. When Tyler goes into the yard she immediately goes towards the tricycle followed by a classmate. There are several toys in the back yard. There is a child size pool, two push toys, a large ball a few buckets with shovels sitting next to the flower bed and various other cars and a doll. Tyler chose the tricycle first, possibly because it was the toy nearest to the door. Tyler and two of her classmates are present.
Tyler at first seems to be the one controlling the play. She approaches the tricycle and is followed by Dana. Tyler directs Dana, nonverbally to help her get on the tricycle. Tyler is on the tricycle and Dana is standing close as if she is ready to protect her is Tyler falls off. Tyler is wiggling the handle bars back and forth making car sounds and pushing air through her teeth. Tyler starts to get off the bike and Dana assists her. Then Dana says “C’mom Tyler let’s get the baby”.
Tyler follows Dana over to where the baby is and Dana picks it up and is fixing its clothing. Tyler is watching. Dana goes across the yard and gets the baby’s bottle. Now she is feeding the baby and then hands the baby to Tyler who starts to feed the baby. Tyler notices a leaf on the baby dress and takes it off then starts to examine it. She crinkles the leaf in her hand and then throws it and the baby down. Tyler seems to want to lead the play but Dana is the one who is leading the play at this point. Dana is paying close attention to Tyler’s actions and reactions to the play. Tyler lead the play at first roles quickly shifted to Dana leading and directing the play. Tyler was happy when Dana asked her questions about what she wanted to do, or what she was doing but lost interest in the play and wanted to move on to something else, as if she wanted to lead but Dana quickly began directing the play. Tyler seemed used to this and accepted this treatment but liked to change the play so she could be in control for a moment.
Tyler seemed to be very calm during the play. She was very aware of Dana’s actions and was interested in what she was doing. Tyler is not timid, she is very calculating in her actions and checks others reactions. She is very expressive with her face. When spoken to, she looks directly at the person, but stays mostly nonverbal in her reactions. When thinking her eyebrows come together and she tilts her head in a downward position. When she is pleased she often smiles and clasps her hands together for a second and then drops them to her side. Tyler is very easy going when it comes to play with her classmate and will accept her suggestions. She is trying to discover her role in the play and likes to show her independence intermittently.
3) Data Collection and Analysis
In the collection and analysis of data there are five important steps:
1) Implement your data collection system
2) Organize the data you have collected
3) Conduct data graphing, review the data, perform analysis
4) Take note of any significant or interesting results
5) Interpret the results
You have conducted at least ten hours of classroom observation. Based on your observations, recording of those observations and the development of a case study, please describe the process and tools you used in the observation experience.
4) Child Development
The Child Development process, as discussed in the classroom, read from the text and through the observation experience, you have studied and applied Stage Theory and the Domains of Development. Label the three domains and BRIEFLY define each one and how they interact.
5) Emergent Literacy
On the topic of Emergent Literacy, describe what you have seen to illustrate at least three of the stages in your observation experience.
a) retells stories from books
b) hold book properly; turns pages from right to left
c) pretends to write with pictures and scribble
d) makes some letters
e) retells stories from books with accuracy
f) pretends to read using pictures to tell the story
g) can write initials or print name
h) includes letter-like forms in drawing
i) shows awareness that a book, or the images in a book, tell a logical story
j) makes horizontal lines of controlled scribble
6) Language Acquisition and Language Development
Put in order for language acquisition and speech development.
a) Telling stories
b) Crying
c) One-word stage
d) Expanded sentences
e) Short phrases
Language Acquisition and Language Development – Spoken language is a mainstay of child development. Receptive Language which is learning to listen to and understand language and Expressive Language which is learning to speak and use language, are both vital elements in the process of language acquisition. Describe the necessary balance between Receptive and Expressive Language
7) Physical Development
One of the areas of development that we have studied is the development of the brain, included brainedness (left-brain and right-brain).
Please explain the left-brain vs. right-brain debate, including a discussion of hand-dominance.
8) Social-Emotional Development
Professionals sometimes define healthy social-emotional development in young children as early childhood mental health. Healthy social-emotional development includes the ability to:
• Form and sustain positive relationships
• Experience, manage, and express emotions
• Explore and engage with the environment
Children with well-developed social-emotional skills are also more able to:
• Express their ideas and feelings
• Display empathy towards others
• Manage their feelings of frustration and disappointment more easily
• Feel self-confident
• More easily make and develop friendships
• Succeed in school
The question: Describe, using terms above, the child you have observed using observed behaviors
9) Cognitive Development
Bloom’s Taxonomy provides a hierarchy of cognitive development and achievement. Using the diagram below, describe where the children from your observation (identify grade level or age) are in the process of cognitive development.
10) Cultural/Environmental Contexts: There are many environmental causes that are linked to developmental delays. It could be a child that is in a daycare that provides few adults to be able to administer individual attention. Perhaps the most obvious component would be a child that suffers from psychosocial deprivation such as poverty, malnutrition, poor housing, neglect, inadequate linguistic stimulation, or emotional stress.
The question: In your observation experience, did you observe any environmental factors that would delay or support the development of the child?
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