Biology
The blank space questions
| Question | Answer |
| 1 | Cervical Cancer |
| 2 | Vitamin K |
| 3 | Rectus Abdominis |
| 4 | Peroneal “tendinopathy |
| 5 | Mineral |
| 6 | Erythrosine |
| 7 | Insomnia |
| 8 | Alveolar deterioration |
| 9 | Reduces |
| 10 | Antibodies |
Matching Questions
| 11 | Special sense |
| 12 | Sensation |
| 13 | Adaptation |
| 14 | Projection |
| 15 | Perception |
| 16 | Cholecystokinin |
| 17 | Gastrin |
| 18 | Secretin |
| 19 | Lacteal |
| 20 | Bile |
| 21 | T-cell |
| 22 | B-cell |
| 23 | Cell mediated immunity |
| 24 | Antibody mediated immunity |
| 25 | NK cell |
| 26 | SA node |
| 27 | Purkinje fibers |
| 28 | AV node |
| 29 | AV bundle |
| 30 | Bundle branches |
| 31 | Melatonin |
| 32 | ADH |
| 33 | PTH |
| 34 | Calcitonin |
| 35 | Cytokine |
Multiple choice questions (MCQs)
| 36 | Angiogram, atherosclerosis, Angioplasty, ischemia, myocardial |
| 37 | Ruptured spleen |
| 38 | Angiogram, atherosclerosis, angioplasty, Ischemia, myocardial |
| 39 | Cardiovascular |
| 40 | Ketoacids are produced causing metabolic acidosis. |
| 41 | Side closest to the diaphysis, side farthest from diaphysis |
| 42 | Antitoxic T-cells |
| 43 | Antioxidant |
| 44 | Denaturization |
45
APGAR score is a test that is always done on each newborn after birth and it stands for Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration. It meant for a quick evaluation of the physical condition of the child after birth. It is vital in determining if the child has any immediate need for medical care. The highest APGAR score is ten.
46
The use of antiseptic to clean Bill’s wound was for the purpose of facilitating the healing of the wound by prevention of any kind form of microbial contamination. This could be achieved best through the use antiseptic in comparison to disinfectants. Antiseptics have the ability to inhibit, kill and reduce microorganisms making them for vital in the control of wound infections. Antiseptics also have multiple microbial targets compared to disinfectants.
47
Bunion is characterized by the formation of bony bump which is abnormal resulting to the big toe to push against other toes making the big toe joint to face the opposite direction. This abnormal position result to the enlargement of the big toe joint. The major cause of bunions is putting on shoes that tightly fit. The major cause of this condition among the elderly is arthritis.
48
Evaluation of the bone mass of density would play a great role in determining the child’s age. Calcium and phosphorous aspects of the bones discovered would also be vital in determination of the age of the child. Functional bone physiology approach can also be used. The frontal, occipital and parietal bones are vital bones that are important in understanding of bone development in infants.
49
Mechanism of action of thyroid hormone
The thyroid hormone acts by regulating the activities of the cell membrane, it also control the secretion of a number of protein molecules (enzymes and hormones). Thyroid hormone prolongs inactivation of Na+ channel, thus prolonging the action potential of the cells resulting to cellular uptake of Na+. This mechanism also influences the cellular levels of calcium ions. Thyroxin is always transformed into 3’,3,5-triiodothyronine (T3) via 5’-deiodinases for the action in the target cells. The thyroid hormone then exerts its effect on a number of systems such as the cardiovascular system, and central nervous system (Evans, 1988).
The imbalance in thyroid hormone leads to wide effect in the body since thyroid hormone plays a great regulatory function in a number of systems in the body such as the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. The result of this is that any form of imbalance would a number of physiological aspects of the body (Evans, 1988). The calcium concern was due to the fact that it would lead to an increase in intracellular calcium content thus resulting to inotropic effect.
50
Therapeutic measures for a third degree burn
In the case of a third degree burn, there are a number of therapeutic measures that would help in the prevention of immobility as a result of scarring on areas close to the joints. Some of the therapeutic measures would include doing some exercises that involves stretching just a few days after the burn; splints can also be used for the purpose of making the immobile joints rest in position. Large scars can be prevented by dressing in bulky clothes which exert pressure on the burns.
Third degree burn is characterized by burn on the three layers of the skin. These include the epidermis, dermis, and the layer of fat. Of concern with regard to the third degree burn is that sweat glands, nerve endings and hair follicles are always destroyed. However, a third degree burn is not as painful as a second degree burn because in the third degree burn, the nerve ends are always destroyed.
51
The most likely condition that Ed was suffering is atherosclerosis which is characterized with hardening and narrowing of the arteries. The major causes of this condition are smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol which damages the lining of the arteries (endoepithelium). The cholesterol causes a bump on the walls of the arteries.
Nitroglycerin which was used to relieve Ed of his pains belongs to a group or a class of medicines referred to us vasodilators. The drug works by helping in the relaxation of blood vessels making the heart to work hard resulting to low need for oxygen. The other treatments for atherosclerosis are medications which help in the prevention of the plague buildup and prevent the clotting of blood. Thus Angiotensin, antiplatelet, and statins may be used. In severe cases, surgical approach may be used (Angioplasty). This plays a great role in the expansion of the arteries and clearing of the blockage to make it possible for the proper flow of the blood.
52
While it is true that corn like any other plant product has levels of protein, it lacks a number of amino acids that are very vital in the body. Thus depending on a diet of corn would lead to deficiency in protein. Ketones are basically by-products of metabolism of fats in body as a result of low sugar levels in the body. In this process, fats are produce from the fat cells. This fats then moves into the blood stream (circulation system) and then into the liver. In liver, the fatty acids are converted into ketones which are then released back into the blood stream. This is made possible by the decrease in insulin levels and the increase in the levels of glucagon. Sodium ions are very vital in polarization of neuron membrane. This helps in the transmission of nerve impulses. The scenario presented in this case of a fad diet since it characterized by an emphasis of quantity and not quality with regards to the real nutritive value of the food eaten.
References
Evans, R. M. (1988). The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science, 240(4854), 889-895.
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