Euthanasia

Euthanasia is a choice that can be made to effectively end the patient’s life. There are two types of euthanasia. Passive euthanasia is simply choosing not to prolong life by artificial means, such as surgery, medication, or a ventilator. Passive euthanasia is legal in all states and may be chosen with the informed consent of a patient or a legal surrogate in the case of an incompetent patient. Active euthanasia is when the physician themselves ends the patient’s life. This is illegal in the U.S. and one doctor was even charged with first-degree, premeditated murder after videotaping himself giving a lethal injection to a consenting patient (2nd case in the link if you’re interested). Physician-assisted suicide or death differs from active euthanasia in that the patient not the physician is administering the drugs to end the patient’s life. In physician-assisted suicide the physician prescribes a prescription for a lethal dose of medication, but the patient actually takes the medication themself. Physician-assisted suicide is currently legal in 4 U.S. states: Oregon, Washington, Montana, and Vermont. Here the case of Dianne Pretty regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide:

http://www.rsrevision.com/Alevel/ethics/euthanasia/cases.htm

How does paternalism play a role in euthanasia?
If someone opts for euthanasia are they making a fully autonomous decision and how can you ensure that?
Should someone retain the right to take their own life?
Who can make a decision to choose euthanasia? Can Dianne? What if she is physically incapable of communication? Should her family be able to choose euthanasia and if so, how long into the procedure should they wait?
How does a written will play into all this?

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