Manager
Managers should be considered as part of stakeholders, definition of stakeholders is attached to anyone with an interest in an organization or a matter. In this case, managers are concerned with the running of organizations, which qualifies managers as part of stakeholders. It is argued that corporate stakeholders are characterized with things and individuals affected or causing effects in reflection to the running of the organization. Stakeholders are groups supporting organizations, in which an organization would cease to exist if the support of the stakeholders is withdrawn.
Business practice connects corporate stakeholders with corporate governance, strategic management, corporate social responsibility and to the business purpose (Scharioth & Huber, 2003). Other stakeholders identify with governments, suppliers, employees, customers, investors, creditors, owners, trade unions and community among others. The government as a stakeholder is concerned with the legislations, taxations, employment, externalities, diversity, legalities and truthful reporting among other variables (Freeman, 2010).
Employees as stakeholders are concerned with compensations, job security, rates of pay, truthful communication and respect among others. Customers as stakeholders are concerned with quality, value, ethical products and services and customer care (Scharioth & Huber, 2003). Suppliers as stakeholders are concerned with provisions of products and services and business opportunities. Creditors as stakeholders are concerned with new contracts, credit score and issues of liquidity. The community as a stakeholder is concerned with protection of environment, involvement, jobs, truthful communication and shares (Freeman, 2010). Trade unions as stakeholders are concerned with jobs, quality and work protection. Owners of the business as stakeholders are concerned with longevity, profitability, market standing, market share, succession planning, social goods and raising capital growth. Investors as stakeholders are concerned with income and return on investment (Freeman, 2010). Different organizations are shaped by different stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are characterized with primary stakeholders while external stakeholders are characterized with secondary stakeholders.
Managers are part of primary stakeholders, since they fulfill different roles within organizations. Firms cannot do without managers, since managers lead different teams, which are part of stakeholders. Managers negotiate new contracts, resolve conflicts, connect different stakeholders, represent an organization, approve requests and disapprove requests among other functions. Managers switch their roles depending on changes in expectations, tasks and situations (Scharioth & Huber, 2003).
The roles of managers vary with organizations, common roles of managers in supporting other stakeholders are characterized by: leading, acting as a figurehead, facilitating liaison, negotiating, monitoring, disseminating, acting as spokesperson, handling any disturbances, allocating resources and entrepreneurship among other functions depending on context (Freeman et al., 2007). The roles of the managers are further classified into three categories which include interpersonal category, decisional category and informational category.
Surveys indicated that managers act as figureheads through taking ceremonial, social and legal responsibilities. Managers act as a source of inspiration through building a vision. The leadership provided by the managers ensures that teams within the organizations are connected to specific responsibilities and performance in increasing the value of the organization. Managers facilitate liaison through communicating effectively with the external stakeholders and internal stakeholders, networking facilitates business opportunities (Freeman et al., 2007).
Managers monitor organization through gathering relevant and timely data on the organization and the industry in general. The environmental changes are critical in building a competitive edge, hence increasing sustainability of the organization. Managers are expected to foster open communication within the organization, which is part of building a clear vision and mission.
Managers are part of internal stakeholders in organizations, and acts as the building blocks within organizations. Manager’s roles are characterized with staffing, organizing, planning, controlling and in directing. The main roles of managers in organizations are to make sure that resources are effectively used in supporting the objectives of the internal and external stakeholders.
References
Freeman, E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Freeman, E. et al. (2007). Managing for Stakeholders: Survival, Reputation, and Success. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Scharioth, J. & Huber, M. (2003). Achieving Excellence in Stakeholder Management . Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
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